Papers

Microsatellite Loci and Peroxidase Alleles Correlation In Somaclonal Variation of Eucalyptus Microtheca F. Muell

Shabannejad Mamaghani M , Roodbar Shojaei T, Matinizadeh M and Forootan M. (2010) African Journal of Biotechnology 9(29):4521-4528

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between biochemical and molecular markers in Eucalyptus microtheca F. Muell. under in vitro culture. For this mean, twig-derived explants obtained from Eucalyptus microtheca 1-year-old seedling were cultured on modified MS medium, supplemented with different concentrations of NAA, Kin and TDZ. POD (peroxidase) alleles patterns were studied among regenerated plantlets to investigate the effect of TDZ concentration on POD activity. A dimer locus, a tetramer locus and two epigenetic bands were observed. Genome variation among somaclonal plantlets were investigated using microsatellite markers. SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers revealed polymorphism among the studied population. Nonparametric statistical analysis showed significant effect of simple sequence repeats loci on peroxidase alleles. Correlation of two similarity matrix POD and SSRs loci was 0.18 using Mental test. Results showed less stability of dimer locus in different concentrations of TDZ compared to tetramer locus. Tetramer alleles showed more correlation to SSRs than that of dimmer ones.

The effect of thidiazuron level on in vitro regeneration type and peroxidase profile in Eucalyptus microtheca F. Muell

Shabannejad-Mamaghani, M, Assareh, M H, Omidi, M, Matinizadeh, M, Ghamari-Zare, A, Shahrzad, S and Forootan, M. (2009) Plant Growth Regulation, 59(3):199-205

The green twigs of 1-year-old Eucalyptus microtheca F. Muell seedlings were cultured on modified MS medium, supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (Kin) hormones at 12 different concentrations. After 4 weeks, the combination of 1 mg l−1 NAA + 1 mg l−1 Kin induced the highest number of axillary shoots. Meanwhile, embryogenic calli were observed in media containing 4 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1 Kin, without any regeneration. The hormone treatments were followed by subculturing the twigs in different levels of thidiazuron (TDZ). The combination of 1 mg l−1 NAA + 1 mg l−1 Kin together with 0.01 mg l−1 TDZ resulted in an increase of direct shoot, while higher amounts of TDZ led to adventitious shoot induction. Somatic embryogenesis was observed in the treatment containing 0.01 mg l−1 TDZ + 4 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1Kin. The peroxidase (POD) band patterns in regenerated plantlets were investigated in order to determine the effect of different levels of TDZ on loci synthesis. A dimer locus, a tetramer locus and two epigenetic bands (a new band for NAA + Kin and the other for TDZ) were observed in the POD profiles. In case of low (0.01 mg l−1 and 0.1 mg l−1) levels of TDZ, one heterozygote allele was disappeared from dimer locus, while at higher TDZ levels, the dimer locus lost its stability and tetramer locus showed a high activity. Thus, POD allele patterns seems to be a feasible marker for different types of regeneration.

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Sequencing and comparison of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region for Iranian black caraway populations

Azimzadeh, M, Amiri, R, Assareh, M H, Forootan, M, Bihamta, M R. (2010). Proceedings of Iranian Conference on Bioinformatics (ICB), Third Iranian Conference on Bioinformatics

Black caraway (Bunium persicum Boiss.) belonging to the family Apiaceae is an economically important medicinal and aromatic plant found naturally growing in dry temperate regions of Iran. The present investigation assessed the difference of the sequences of ITS2 region between nine populations of black caraway from Iran by multiple sequence alignment. The sequencing was performed on an Applied Biosystems 3130xl genetic analyzer, using the BigDye terminator cycle sequencing kit (Ver. 3.1) following the manufacturer's instructions. Multiple sequence alignment was done by MegAlign (DNASTAR Lasergene software, version 7.1) using ClustalW method. This region showed some mutations and was different between the compared populations. The multiple sequence alignment grouped the populations into 4 main clusters. Minimum dissimilarity was between Mashhad and Yazd ecotypes (2.8 %) and maximum was between Asgari and Sirch ecotypes (14.4%).

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Drought resistance assessment in annual medic using aquaculture conditions

Ghamari-Zare, A, Rezvani, S and Forootan, M. (2009) Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Breeding and Genetic Research, 16(2):182-197

Annual medics (Medicago spp.) are suitable cultivation for regions with soil erosion problem, and due to limited water resources in such areas, drought resistance in these species is considered a valuable trait. In this study, nine genotypes, collectively from five annual medic species were assessed for drought resistance under aquaculture condition. Different levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was exploited to induce drought stress, and physiological/biochemical traits including germination rate, leaf vigor, root length, shoot height, free proline content, and total soluble sugars were recorded. The results confirmed the significant effect of PEG on drought stress induction, and biochemical traits showed higher correlation with drought level compared to phenotypical ones. It is postulated that while sugar accumulation is started at low stages of drought, proline accumulation will initiate at critical drought levels. While M. truncatula expressed higher levels of biochemical traits, M. orbicularis showed superior in terms of phenotypic characteristics. Results suggest that the drought resistance gained by proline accumulation capability might have emerged in annual medic during the long-term biodiversity procedure.

Colchicine-induced chromosome elimination in potato callus culture

Forootan, M, Wetten, A C, and Wilkinson, M J. (2006) Proceedings of First Agricultural Biotechnology Conference, Razi University Press, Kermanshah, Iran, pp 208-212

In crop prebreeding, interspecific hybridisation with wild relatives inevitably introduces undesired traits and needs backcrossing to generate agronomic material. Backcrossing causes genetic reassortments, which for genetically complex crops like the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum), requires selection from large progenies to identify commercial material. An alternative approach is to exploit natural instability of chromosomes in vitro to remove chromosomes containing unwanted traits from the initial hybrids without backcrossing. This study investigates the feasibility of inducing chromosome loss within in vitro-grown F1 interspecific hybrids.
Leaf-derived calli from triploid (2n=3x=36) F1 hybrids (S. acaule × S. phureja) were used for callus induction and shoot regeneration. Explants were exposed to various colchicine concentrations in an attempt to induce somatic chromosome loss during callus growth. Regenerants were scored using mapped microsatellite markers to trace the fate of individual chromosomes.
Sub-optimal colchicine application did stimulate chromosome loss; resulting in aneuploids and cytological chimeras. Chromosome loss appeared to be both parental-biased and linkage group-biased. Strategies to exploit this induced instability as part of a conventional breeding program are explored.

 

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